Explore the problems existing in the management of air breathing apparatus

To talk about air breathing apparatus, we must first talk about respiratory protection. For toxic and harmful gases, vapors, fog, dust, smoke, aerosols, etc. that can enter the human body through the respiratory tract, the concentration in the ambient air is greater than the occupational exposure limit of the health standards designed by industrial enterprises, and the working environment can cause health damage or loss of life, respiratory protection must be carried out.

Self-contained positive pressure air breathing apparatus (hereinafter referred to as air breathing apparatus) must be used in individual respiratory protection, accident rescue, limited space operation, unknown gas environment operation, environmental work where the concentration of toxic and harmful gases in the ambient air is greater than the IDLH value, dust concentration is seriously exceeded, hazardous chemical leakage treatment, fire fighting and other operating environments. In the various products of respiratory protection, because the specified protection factor (AFP) of air breathing apparatus is the highest in the current respiratory protection apparatus, more than 1000. Air breathing apparatus is the best respiratory protection apparatus at present.

The use of air breathing apparatus is a very dangerous working environment, and the management of air breathing apparatus must be strengthened to ensure that employees can correctly use, maintain and save.

With China's entry into WTO, the implementation of HSE management system, the promulgation and implementation of the Law on Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases and relevant laws and regulations, the government and enterprises regard occupational health work as an important work in safety to prevent and control the occurrence of acute occupational poisoning and chronic pneumoconiosis. Personal protection and protective equipment have become common equipment in the work site.

At present, my domestic air breathing apparatus has Shanghai Yiger (joint venture with the United States), Fushun Anyi lifesaving Equipment Co., Ltd. two. The market is occupied by a large number of foreign products. The lion brand of the United States, Mesian, the United Kingdom's Xiao Bao, France's Bau, Odem, Germany's Del, the Philippines' Mersaif and so on. In the market access management, agents and distributors only hold the access permission of the Ministry of Public Security, but not the access permission of the Ministry of Health.

Without market access permission from the Ministry of Health, how can we ensure that its respiratory protection aspects (the expiratory and inspiratory resistance of Asian and European people, the lung capacity, and the air demand per unit time are different) are suitable for Chinese people and ensure its respiratory protection role? Health authorities must develop appropriate access permits.

At present, among the national standards and industry standards of air breathing apparatus, only the Ministry of Public Security's GA124-1996 "positive pressure fire air breathing apparatus" (this standard has been revised, the standard number is GA124-2004) involves the relevant standards:

GB191-90 Graphic symbol of packaging storage and transportation

GB1186-92 Rubber hose for compressed air (less than 2.5Mpa)

GB1189-81 rubber hose appearance quality

GB1226-76 General pressure gauge

Experimental method for air tightness of exhalation valve of GB2891.1-82 filter gas mask

GB2891.4-82 Experimental method for field of view of filtered gas mask

GB2891.5-82 Filter protective mask mask actual harmful space experimental method

GB2891.6-82 Experimental method for wearing leakage coefficient of filter gas mask (oil mist method)

GB12137-89 Test method for air tightness of gas cylinders

GA11-82 fire product model preparation method

2000 revised version of "Gas cylinder safety Supervision Regulations", "Special equipment safety supervision Regulations" and so on.

At the end of 2003, the Ministry of Public Security scrapped the steel cylinders of air breathing apparatus (mechanical, tensile).

For the current use of carbon fiber wound composite cylinder air breathing apparatus, there is no clear definition in the above international, how to implement in real work?

Air breathing apparatus was first used in the fire fighting of the armed police force, the only standard, for the Ministry of Public Security GA124-1996 "positive pressure fire air breathing apparatus", as the current respiratory protection equipment, I do not know whether it should be concentrated in the health department for management, and develop the corresponding national standard.

At present, there is no clear regulation on the regular inspection of air breathing apparatus in our country. Only with reference to the 2000 revised "Gas cylinder Safety inspection Procedures", reference to the working pressure, container volume (6 ~ 9L), media, etc., can be carried out once every 3 years air breathing apparatus cylinder inspection; In addition, according to foreign standards (American standards), the inspection cycle of carbonated fiber winding composite gas cylinders is 3 years 1 inspection, and the main engine part of the air respirator except the gas cylinder is 1 year 1 inspection.

There are some difficulties in the actual implementation.

There is no relevant regulation on the quality standard of the compressed air in the air cylinder for the air-carrying respirator.

At present, the air cylinder filling pump of the air breathing apparatus has the filling pump of Fushun Anyi Lifesaving Equipment Co., LTD., and the German Boya compressor. Whether imported or domestic, the quality of its exported gas should be required. Because it is a source of oxygen for operators in dangerous environments, the air source is unclean or there are harmful gases, and the consequences will be unimaginable.

How to identify the air source quality of the aerated environment, according to what indicators? At present, relevant regulations or standards are needed for the on-line detection of gas quality in the filling cylinder.

How to check respiratory protective equipment in daily work, what are the items to check, how to ensure the accuracy of the inspection results, at present, only the supplier provides simple daily inspection and maintenance items. I have some experience in the actual work, it is recommended that the daily check content is as follows:

(1) The alarm pressure limit of the air breathing apparatus is set at 5Mpa;

(2) The air whistle and bell alarm of the air breathing apparatus alarm when the pressure of the gas cylinder is 5 Mpa;

(3) Mask tightness inspection of air breathing apparatus;

(4) Mask cleaning of air breathing apparatus;

(5) The cylinder pressure of the air breathing apparatus reaches the specified reserve value;

(6) Air respirator breathing valve (demand valve) switch freely;

(7) The location of the air breathing apparatus is convenient for the operator to access;

(8) Whether the air cabinet placed by the air breathing apparatus can be easily removed in an emergency;

(9) Whether the air cylinder of the air breathing apparatus is within the 3-year validity period of the water pressure test;

(10) Whether the air breathing apparatus host is inspected annually.

Air breathing apparatus is a more complex protective apparatus; Users must be trained by professional personnel and qualified before use. Personnel injury caused by improper use should be avoided.

The training includes:

The composition and function of each component of the air breathing apparatus; The need to use respiratory protectors; Correct load operation sequence; Respiratory protector fault handling; Applicable environmental conditions; Restrictions on the use of respiratory protectors; Protection capability; Precautions in use; Requirements for guardians; Methods of facial adhesion test; Methods for the maintenance and preservation of respirators; Management of decommissioning and obsolescence.

There are currently no standards for the integrity identification or confirmation of air respirators. The testing unit executes the current national standard, and does not target the air breathing apparatus of the carbon fiber winding composite cylinder currently used.

Has the national or provincial quality and technical supervision department issued testing certification institutions, the country has: Fushun anyi life-saving equipment Co., LTD., Beijing Delge Company, Shaanxi Baoji gas protection Center.

No national standard, only refer to the gas cylinder water pressure (45 Mpa) test, carbon fiber fracture number (uncertain), host pressure gauge, breathing valve expiratory and inspiratory resistance value, alarm pressure value setting, medium pressure airway, etc. If there is a problem, repair in time. Otherwise, it cannot be equipped for field use.

The service life of the carbon fiber winding composite gas cylinder provided by the manufacturer is 15 years. During the service life, the cylinder is inspected 5 times and the main engine part 14 times.

Now, cylinders expire or are tested but cannot be repaired, discontinued or scrapped.

In the use of air breathing apparatus in oil refining, chemical industry and other production sites, due to the limitations of environmental conditions, the use of protective gear will have different degrees of pollution, at the same time, different personnel may also cause cross infection, therefore, the air breathing apparatus after use is necessary to disinfect.

At present, there is no basis for the choice of cleaning liquid and disinfectant. Can I choose neutral cleaning solution or quaternary amine disinfectant? The use of improper cleaning liquid and disinfectant will cause damage to the silicone material of the respirator mask and shorten the service life of the mask.

At present, there is no qualitative standard for equipped with air breathing apparatus in China, that is, what kind of operating environment must be equipped, what kind of operating environment need not be equipped, how much is the number of equipped, there is no standard and regulations to follow.

The allocation of spare gas cylinders is particularly important in the material reserve of chemical accident disposal. There is a great demand for air breathing apparatus for the treatment of accidents involving the leakage of toxic and harmful substances; At the same time, there is a great demand for gas cylinders. How to obtain the maximum material guarantee with the minimum investment under the circumstances of economic conditions, which also requires the configuration standard of spare gas cylinders, such as a set of air breathing apparatus with 1 cylinder or multiple cylinders?

On the one hand, how to match different types of gas cylinders with filling pumps. If there is a problem of interface mismatch, the interface accessories must be provided by qualified manufacturers;

Second, the filling pressure of the gas cylinder is 30 Mpa. In order to avoid the accident of the gas cylinder during filling and threaten the personal safety of the air guard, it is recommended to purchase an explosion-proof barrel and place the gas cylinder in the explosion-proof barrel. If there is an accident, the uncontrollable energy can be safely released.

In short, at present, it is difficult to find national standards or regulations in the management of air breathing apparatus, and there are many problems to be solved in actual work.